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For many years, WorldCom's Internet traffic counts were taken as the truth. Now that's all being questioned
July 18, 2002
The plot thickens. A number of experts are now charging that WorldCom Inc. (Nasdaq: WCOME) didn't just puff up its earnings with questionable accounting -- the company may have helped drive the Internet bubble itself with misleading traffic growth figures.
The new charges are important because the company's technical leaders, including John Sidgmore, the new CEO, were considered experts on the Internet and were frequently consulted on general Internet growth issues during the late 1990s. WorldCom's UUNET division runs what is considered one of the largest, if not the largest, Internet backbones in the world. Sources charge that Sidgmore and his technical team were responsible for inflating bandwidth growth numbers that supported much of the rationale behind the growth in the Internet.
Sources include several academic experts, as well as one former WorldCom employee who worked with both Sidgmore and former WorldCom Chief Scientist Michael O’Dell. The ex-WorldCom employee, speaking to Light Reading under the condition that he not be named, insisted that WorldCom executives including Sidgmore intentionally boosted internet traffic growth numbers to make the industry look more lucrative than it in reality was.
"If you do the math, all the growth they were claiming was physically impossible,” he says, referring to Sidgmore’s claims starting in 1998 that internet traffic was doubling every 3.5 months, or growing at a rate of 1,000 percent a year. “It’s been bullshit from day one... It was all about manipulating the stock market. In reality, what was growing was connectivity,” he says.
WorldCom's Internet statistics were often quoted throughout the industry, and Sidgmore has cited 1,000% annual growth in several public forums and reports. The controversy is important because Sidgmore has distanced himself from WorldCom's ex-CEO Bernie Ebbers and is casting himself as the leader that will clean WorldCom up.
Here's how it worked, according to the former WorldCom employee: WorldCom would hook up new customers with connections capable of handling, say, up to 1.5 Mbit/s of data, knowing that for most of the time the lines would only carry a fraction of this amount. WorldCom would then use the 1.5 Mbit/s figures, not the actual traffic figures, when citing Internet traffic growth statistics.
"There was massive connectivity growth, but UUNET’s business wasn’t growing as much, "says the former employee.
Several studies on Internet traffic growth, including one by Andrew Odlyzko and Kerry Coffman of AT&T Research Labs from 1998, show that Internet traffic was growing 1,000 percent a year over a short period of time between 1995 and 1996. But following that timeframe, studies show that Internet traffic growth remained fairly consistent, doubling every year -- a far cry from Sidgmore's now-famous 1,000% growth rate. A 100 percent growth rate might be a far cry from the huge numbers that WorldCom was touting, but, Coffman insists, it is still quite impressive.
"Doubling every year was still massive," Says Coffman. "People didn’t understand what growing at 10 times a year meant,” he says, talking of all the companies and investors who believed that such enormous growth could continue. “Nobody did sanity checks.”
Odlyzko questions the idea of the Internet's runaway growth as depicted by WorldCom.
"The myth of Internet traffic doubling every 100 days seemed to be based on (i) the fact that such growth rates really did hold during the two-year period 1995-1996, and (ii) WorldCom making misleading claims in subsequent years,” Odlyzko, now with the Digital Technology Center at the University of Minnesota, writes in an e-mail to Light Reading.
Other industry observers, however, say that they’re not so sure that the huge numbers were pure manipulation. “There were some fairly aggressive estimates of growth rates,” says Rick Wilder, principal scientist at Masergy Communications Inc.. “They may have been a bit exaggerated… [but] I think those numbers were factual for UUNet for a couple of years.”
Some experts say that in general, during the bubble years, measurements of Internet growth were subject to widespread abuse. Often, small snapshots of Internet growth were cited, without regard to long-term impact.
"Basically folks were using growth numbers that may have been true for a specific piece of the Internet, e.g., certain links on theNSFNET backbone, for a short period of time, and likely using them to their advantage when it would increase stock price projections (or egos),” Kimberly Claffy of the Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis, CAIDA, writes in an e-mail.
Of course Sidgmore and the rest of the WorldCom crew weren’t the only ones pushing the big numbers. “It is hard to hang it all on John Sidgmore,” says one analyst, asking to remain unnamed. “It was pretty widespread. It was definitely questionable, but I feel bad for Sidgmore to get stuck with all the blame. We all did it.”
The former employee, however, says that while much of the industry is guilty of wanting the numbers to be higher than they were, WorldCom was a leader in touting its Internet figures. He says this led to the company building out infrastructure it didn’t need to uphold the impression that traffic was growing as fast as it claimed it was. “They had decided to build x amount of ports each month,” he says, “whether there were customers for them or not.”
Was the Internet growth hype premeditated? It's hard to tell. It may be WorldCom executives thought the traffic was growing as fast as they claimed
One thing is for sure, the controversy points to a central problem in the industry -- that it's tough to get good Internet traffic statistics. Government-sponsored traffic numbers haven’t been released since the NSFNet was was decommissioned and Internet backbone services transitioned to the commercial sector in 1995, according to Claffy. Most carriers don’t even systematically measure their traffic, she says, and those that do use different and often dubious methodology, and are careful to keep the results close to their chest.
Neither Sidgmore nor O’Dell returned numerous calls and requests for comments.
Light Reading is planning a project that would collect actual traffic statistics from hundreds of Internet access lines to enterprise users - giving everybody a much better reading on what's actually happening to business traffic volumes on the Internet. Corporations will be given a free trial of a monitoring service in exchange for participating in the scheme (see Track Your Traffic).
— Eugénie Larson, Reporter, Light Reading
http://www.lightreading.com
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