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5G Transport - A 2023 Heavy Reading Survey
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Open RAN Platforms and Architectures Operator Survey
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5G Network Slicing Operator Survey
Open, Automated & Programmable Transport
The Journey to Cloud Native
So yes, payment structures is clearly an issue and operators understandably are reluctant to commit to volume based costs for software when they know there are no incremental costs to supply more instances of the same software – it is a 100% gross margin business. At the same time they don't want to pay a large up-front fee.
The middle ground is success-based pricing models for software where the operator pays something up front (to make it worth the vendor's time) with larger payments over time depending on how much the software is used.